Rigveda
ऋग्वेद
Four Vedas hub — overview of all Saṃhitās and quick links.
The oldest of the four Vedas, a collection of 1,028 hymns (suktas) organized in ten books (mandalas). It contains hymns dedicated to the Vedic deities and is one of the oldest known texts in any Indo-European language.
Mandala Overviews
Mandala 1
A large introductory collection with many seer lineages. Themes span Agni, Indra, dawn hymns, and foundational ritual praise.
Mandala 2
Associated primarily with the Grtsamāda lineage. Compact and focused, with strong emphasis on Agni and Indra invocations.
Mandala 3
Traditionally linked to Viśvāmitra. Includes celebrated solar and sacred-recitation hymns, with clear ritual and devotional tone.
Mandala 4
Connected to Vāmadeva Gautama. Noted for dense poetic style, vivid deity imagery, and refined hymn structure.
Mandala 5
Largely attributed to the Atri tradition. Balances ritual hymns with graceful invocations to multiple deities.
Mandala 6
A Bharadvāja-family collection with practical sacrificial focus. Strong in disciplined liturgical expression and praise formulas.
Mandala 7
Linked to Vasiṣṭha and known for historical resonance. Includes royal-context hymns alongside deep theological praise.
Mandala 8
A mixed and stylistically varied compilation, often tied to Kaṇva circles. Rich in metrical diversity and energetic praise poetry.
Mandala 9
The Soma Mandala, centered on the purification and exaltation of Soma. Highly thematic, symbolic, and liturgically specialized.
Mandala 10
A broad later-layer collection with philosophical depth. Includes cosmology, social reflections, creation hymns, and existential inquiry.